Introduction
Identity is a complex and multilayered concept that has fascinated psychologists, sociologists, and philosophers for centuries. In literature, identity often serves as a rich source of character development and narrative exploration. Adrian Tomine's graphic novel Shortcomings examines issues of identity, specifically Asian-American identity, through the flawed protagonist Ben Tanaka. Over the course of the novel, Tomine illuminates the nuances and tensions in constructing an identity as a minority in America. References to identity permeate the novel, underscoring its significance as a lens for analysis. This essay will analyze the portrayal of identity in Shortcomings, exploring how Tomine uses Ben's struggles with self-perception and desire for assimilation to comment on themes of cultural belonging, stereotypes, and self-acceptance. Examining identity in Shortcomings provides crucial insight into the Asian-American experience in contemporary America.
Adrian Tomine's 'Shortcomings': A Snapshot of Asian-American Identity
Adrian Tomine's graphic novel Shortcomings was published in 2007 to critical acclaim. The novel centers on Ben Tanaka, a cynical late-twentysomething Japanese-American man living in Oakland and working in a movie theater. Ben struggles to find purpose and happiness, facing insecurity about his racial identity as well as his own shortcomings in relationships and work. Shortcomings offers a raw, unflinching look at racial stereotypes, self-loathing, and the quest to find oneself. Tomine, who is Japanese-American himself, drew from his own experiences growing up as a minority in America to create the complex figure of Ben. Since its publication, literary critics have praised Shortcomings for its witty yet sensitive examination of racial identity and relations. The novel remains an important work of Asian-American literature.
Constructing Identity in a Racialized Society: Ben Tanaka's Struggles
One of the central themes of Shortcomings is Ben Tanaka's struggles to construct his identity as an Asian-American man. Throughout the novel, Tomine uses subtle details to highlight the tensions and stereotypes that Ben faces. A flashback to Ben's childhood reveals that he was taunted with racial slurs like "slant eye" by bullies at school. Later in the novel, Ben deals with backhanded compliments from dates about being "exotic." Through these moments, Tomine illuminates the racism Asian-Americans confront in constructing their identities. Ben is made to feel like a perpetual foreigner, underscoring his sense of otherness. [Evidence and analysis] His insecurity over his racial identity is further shown through his obsession with white female movie stars, which suggests a desire for assimilation.
Personal Shortcomings and the Intersection of Race: Ben's Quest for Belonging
In addition to exploring Ben's struggles with his racial identity, Shortcomings also examines his personal shortcomings in forging authentic relationships. Ben objectifies women, especially white and black women, evidencing an internalized racism and sexism. His relationship with his girlfriend Miko is strained by his lack of maturity and capacity for intimacy. Here Tomine demonstrates how racial insecurity and desire for belonging can become intertwined with destructive behaviors. Ultimately Ben drives Miko away with his indifference, only realizing the depth of his feelings for her when it is too late. This trajectory shows Ben's shortcomings in embracing who he truly is.
Balancing Racial Identity and Personal Flaws: A Nuanced Perspective
Some may argue that Shortcomings focuses excessively on racial identity without giving sufficient attention to Ben's individual personality and moral flaws. However, it is important to examine how racial marginalization and the resulting desire to assimilate contribute to Ben's personal shortcomings. While he is ultimately responsible for his actions, Tomine provides context by showing how racial stereotypes and societal pressures shaped Ben's worldview and behaviors. Nuanced analysis of Ben's struggles illustrates how racial identity and individual identity intersect. Rather than excusing his behaviors, Shortcomings compels readers to understand the complex factors that shaped Ben.
Conclusion
Adrian Tomine's graphic novel Shortcomings provides incisive commentary on Asian-American identity through its portrayal of protagonist Ben Tanaka's struggles with cultural stereotypes and desire to assimilate. Throughout the novel, Tomine raises important questions about how marginalization impacts identity and relationships. Shortcomings suggests that only by embracing one's cultural identity and rejecting societal pressures to conform can one overcome personal shortcomings and achieve self-acceptance. Through in-depth characterization and cultural analysis, Shortcomings makes a valuable contribution to understanding identity.
